Review: Animal Cell Structure and Function

Part A

Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA.

	E
	D
	C
	A
	B

Correct

The nucleus contains most of a cell's DNA.

Part B

Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?

	mitochondrion
	smooth endoplasmic reticulum
	chromatin
	ribosomes
	nucleolus

Correct

Mitochondria convert the chemical energy of organic molecules to chemical energy in the form of ATP.

Part C

Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?

	D
	C
	E
	A
	B

Correct

This is the nuclear envelope.

Part D

The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.

	mitochondrion
	chromatin
	ribosome
	flagellum
	centriole

Correct

Chromatin is composed of DNA and protein.

Part E

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.

	lysosome
	nucleolus
	smooth endoplasmic reticulum
	rough endoplasmic reticulum
	peroxisome

Correct

Ribosomes are manufactured by the nucleolus.

Part F

_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.

	Mitochondria
	Ribosomes
	Microfilaments
	Golgi apparatuses
	Peroxisomes

Correct

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

Part G

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?

	rough endoplasmic reticulum
	lysosomes
	ribosomes
	nucleolus
	Golgi apparatus

Correct

As membrane proteins grow from ribosomes on rough ER, the proteins are embedded into the rough ER membrane.

Part H

The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

	nucleus
	lysosome
	nuclear envelope
	chloroplast
	plasma membrane

Correct

The plasma membrane regulates the passage of material into and out of the cell.

Part I

Where is calcium stored?

	rough endoplasmic reticulum
	centrioles
	microtubules
	mitochondria
	smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Correct

In addition to storing calcium, the smooth ER also plays a role in detoxification and lipid synthesis.

Part J

Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?

	E
	A
	C
	D
	B

Correct

The Golgi apparatus modifies, stores, and packages products of the ER.

Part K

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?

	chloroplasts
	microfilaments
	microtubules
	plasma membrane
	peroxisomes

Correct

Microtubules are rods that also play a role in organelle movement.

Part L

_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.

	Microfilaments
	Basal bodies
	Chromatin
	Mitochondria
	Nuclear envelopes

Correct

Basal bodies and centrioles have identical structures.

Part M

Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?

	mitochondrion
	centrioles
	peroxisome
	flagellum
	nucleus

Correct

Peroxisomes produce hydrogen peroxide as a by-product of their metabolic processes.

Part N

Which of these provides the cell with structural support?

	D
	B
	C
	A
	E

Correct

Microfilaments are a component of the cytoskeleton.